Video Game Industry The Revolution - 1117 Words

Adonis Linares-Velasquez 10/06/16 Video Game Industry: The Uprising Video games are luxury items owned by consumers of all ages. A worldwide phenomenon, video games delivered an impact towards social and technological society. The industry is flourishing, and will continue to flourish for the upcoming years. The expansion of such said luxury items comes with its set of pros and cons. Video games are an example of controversy and benefits. As many as ninety-seven percent of US kids age 12-17 play video games, contributing to the billion-dollar video game industry. The unprecedented technological advancements to this entertaining culture have caused many gamers to acknowledge it as the ultimate fantasy. According to many studies, video games can increase aggressive behavior, cause emotional outbursts and decrease inhibitions in many people. Social scientists have been studying and debating the effects of video game violence since the 1980s and such issue is especially relevant today, because the games we see today are more realistic and bloodier than ever. Studies claiming a causal link between video game violence and real life violence are flawed with many studies failing to control the factors that contribute to children becoming violent. For example, family history, family care, mental health, social skills, etc.†¦ Most studies do not follow children over long periods of time, as a result, video game experiments often have children playing a game for as little as tenShow MoreRelatedSteam: The Largest Software and Gaming Community Hub755 Words   |  3 PagesSteam is the largest software and gaming community hub ever used to distribute video games and related media online. Steam makes up over 75% of all computer game sales and as of 2012 Steam now offers software for music creation, video editing, video game creation, and much more on top of the 3,000 games they have in the ‘cloud’ as well. Steam provides its users, which includes over 75 million people, with automatic content management, an interactive pr ofile, friends, groups, chats, networking, matchRead MoreReaching the Next Level: The Rise of Video Game Popularity688 Words   |  3 Pages The video game industry has grown into a colossus of today’s business world over the past forty-three years. Constantly adapting to the changing market, in order to make a profit off of a popular form of entertainment, the video game industry is continually expanding. But, two very important questions, about the industry, exist: Why has the industry become so popular, and where will that popularity lead? By the trend that the industry has shown video game popularity is due in part to the industry’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On The Video Game Industry791 Words   |  4 PagesAn Atmosphere Unknown This is the future of the video game industry. Imagine looking through the eyes of your favorite video game character but in reality, you are actual sitting on the couch. Look to the left and you see R2-D2 trying to communicate to you. To the right, you have rebel fighters shooting at storm troopers that are attacking your home planet. Virtual reality lets you do all of this from the comfort of your home. However, Augmented reality lets you do this as well, but it is less virtualRead MoreData Collection And Information Technology Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping to adapt the revolution of information technology and one of them is cloud gaming. The study explains what cloud gaming is, and look at some detail of its overview and general architecture. After that , ways to assess and minimize the latency issues arising in the â€Å"on-demand† gaming environment are studied. Through a large-scale measurement study that the current cloud computing infrastructure is unable to meet the strict latency requirements necessary for acceptable game play for many end-usersRead MoreInformative Speech Evolution of Video Games Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesworld of video games. Ever since then technology has grown incredibly now making a fun hobby out of it that people can really enjoy. I myself have made it a hobby and try to keep up with all the latest devolvement’s in the gaming world. Some of my fondest memories are from when I was about 4 years old and I would wake up and go play Mario with my grandpa on my old Nintendo 64. Today I’m going to explain the past of video gaming, where we are today and what is to com e of the video games in the futureRead MoreGameplay Video Game Platforms For The Future1156 Words   |  5 PagesFormatting Video Game Platforms for the Future Video games have hugely impacted world culture since the late 1970’s. Video game companies like Atari and Midway helped lead this digital revolution by introducing arcade games such as Pong, Pac-Man, and Asteroids. Though Atari and Midway receive the most recognition for beginning this videogame revolution, none of this would have been possible if not for Japanese companies like Namco and Taito, who created the software for such games. Because of companiesRead MoreComputers And The Pc Revolution1126 Words   |  5 Pagesanalog computers were developed during WW2, and they rapidly advanced into the 50s, and 60s. However, by the 70s the Digital Age was on the horizon. Giants like Apple, IBM, and Microsoft pushed development through the 80s; the PC Revolution had begun. The PC Revolution had a profound impact of millions of lives, transforming not only America but the entire world by opening new sales markets, and changing the way they interact with other humans. Microsoft, IBM, Dell, and Hewlett-Packard(HP) are nowRead MoreThe Violence Of Video Games971 Words   |  4 PagesMost kids today play video games to entertain themselves and it’s their hobby. Today kids and even young adults play games like Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), Call of Duty, and Fallout 4. All three of these games were one of the top games of their respective year of release. What do they all have in common? They depict violence in a way that its becoming more realistic every year they’re sequels are released. But what’s up with people blaming video games for mass shootings and other heinousRead MoreVideo Games Affect Our Lives1563 Words   |  7 PagesParents have always claimed that video games corrupt a child’s well-being, but many of them don t know what video games are actually doing to our minds and body. In fact, video games affect several different aspects of our lives, including our social lives, physical health, and behavior tendencies. With video games becoming an active member in almost everyone s daily life, a more intrusive study is required, detailing the precise effects and what exactly their implications could be for this up-and-comingRead MoreNintendo: Pioneers in the Video Game Market983 Words   |  4 PagesNintendo started as a small Japanese business by Fusajiro Yamauchi near the end of 1889 as Nintendo Koppai. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed a playing card game called Hanafuda. In 1956, Nintendo’s president Hiroshi Yamauchi began to realize the limitation of playing card s business because it was viewed as a mere tool of gambling. In order to overcome the limitation, Nintendo struck a deal with Disney in 1959 which allowed them to put Disney characters on their playing cards

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 2011 Words

In the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, it is illustrated through the motif of sense that when it comes to reason versus passion, man should be more sensible in choosing the better for them. She emphasizes this through some of the characters and their relationships in the novel, such as, Jane Austen and Mr. Bingley, Mr. Collins and Charlotte, Mr. Wickham and Elizabeth, and Lydia and Mr.Wickham. Within many of these relationships a lot of suspicion and scandal takes place. In the novel, Austen attest that people should use your mind more when it comes to relationships and sometimes passion could prevent people from making logical decisions. Austen presents the idea of reason versus passion through sense first through the couple†¦show more content†¦Although, Elizabeth warned Jane of Mr. Bingley’s sister who wants to keep them apart she exclaims, â€Å"Indeed, Jane, you ought to believe me. No one who has ever seen you together can doubt his affection†(A usten 95). Elizabeth earlier on tried to warn Jane of her â€Å"friends† actions but she was blinded by her loving caring heart and she wanted to be so well mannered that she was in denial. To prove this idea, the literary journal titled â€Å"Pride and Prejudice Critical Companion to Jane Austen† the author, William Baker presents confirms these accusations by talking about the letter from Caroline Bingley explaining to Jane that â€Å"her brother will remain in London for the winter and is seeing Georgiana Darcy a good deal† (Baker). Caroline does this to discourage Jane for ever having a chance with Mr. Bingley again as he did just up and leave to London. As a result, Jane begins to believe that she was â€Å"mistaken in supposing that Bingley loved her,† but, â€Å"Jane is stoical and refuses to think ill of the Bingleys† (Baker). Most of the time Jane used her heart to make decisions and that is why she began to upset herself and began to hav e doubt in Mr. Bingley’s love for her because her personality could not possibly allow her to think that someone could be deceiving and have hatred or even envy towards her. As far as Mr. Collins and Charlotte goes Austen, also use this relationship to depict sensibility between the characters and

Guerrilla Marketing free essay sample

Moreover, the ethical perspectives of Immanuel Kant’s â€Å"categorical imperative† and Michel Foucault’s philosophy on power will help further the analysis of the ethics of nontraditional marketing. Following these guidelines, this paper will, hopefully, explain the ethicalities of the specified marketing behavior by advertising companies to unsuspecting consumers. Guerrilla On the Loose Postmodernism and the ever-changing popular culture have shaped a new era of advertising. People are becoming less and less susceptible to traditional advertisements such as commercials, branding, billboards, and newspaper or magazine ads. For these reasons and the recession, advertising firms searched for newer and cheaper ways to advertise to the public. However, this non-traditional way of advertising brings about questions of ethics due to the invasiveness and harm it can cause. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethics of non-traditional marketing by advertisers. This will be achieved through defining each aspect of non-traditional marketing, looking at the topic through the Potter Box, comparing it with official guidelines, analyzing through Immanuel Kant’s and Michel Foucault’s perspectives, and using examples of questionable non-traditional marketing strategies. The non-traditional marketing this paper will look at is called guerrilla marketing. According to David Hickman (2007), guerrilla marketing â€Å"was first defined as ‘an unconventional way of performing promotional activities on a ery low budget’† but now â€Å"is a more loosely defined term, and is more of a general description, for an entire category of many differing types of non-traditional marketing methods† (p. 1). The referred category includes astroturfing, stealth (undercover) and viral marketing, and Grassroots. University of Oregon’s School of Journalism and Communication defined astroturfing best, in that it is an act that â€Å"denotes political, advertising, or public relations campaigns that are formally planned by an organization, but are disguised as spontaneous, popular ‘grassroots’ behavior† (p. ). Grassroots refers to a marketing strategy that revolves around word-of-mouth, telemarketing phone calls/messages, public speeches, etc. Stealth marketing is, in essence, undercover marketing. Consumers who remain unaware that they are being marketed to are the goal of this style of marketing. According to Wilson (2005), an E-Commerce Consultant, viral marketing, on the other hand, â€Å"describes any strategy that encourages [consumers] to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message’s exposure and influence† (p. 1). Examples of viral marketing are e-mailing (usually forwarding), social networking, and blogging. Each style of marketing requires minimum cost and effort (especially in the viral marketing case), meaning they fall into the guerrilla category perfectly. Attitudes of consumers toward a product mean everything to the advertiser. However, consumers are becoming increasingly irritated with the amount of advertisements displayed to them on a daily basis, prompting more companies to use the guerrilla marketing strategy, where the intentions are to keep the consumer unaware that they are being marketed to. In layman’s terms, a guerrilla advertisement â€Å"’sticks’ by not appearing to be an ad, in effect slipping under the consumers’ well-tuned ad radar† (Christians, 2009, p. 133). This raises the question of whether it is ethical for companies to market their brand or product by non-traditional means. Christians explains (in regards to guerrilla marketing) â€Å"†¦at one end, we see private enterprise at its most inventive, working, sometimes ingeniously, to reach potential customers and sell them something. At the other end, we have practices that some have labeled deceptive, intrusive, and offensive. † (2009, p. 133). Canan Ay, Pinar Aytekin, and Sinan Nardali (2010) further this statement by stating â€Å"other ethical problems of guerilla marketing include the trespassing on private property, defacing private or public property and not getting permission from the property owners†¦Pictures or pamphlets placed illegally on other places (public buses, bus stops, building walls) also point out the same problem. † (p. 284). The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) provide guidelines and/or codes of ethics that should be followed when advertising to consumers. The FTC states that, â€Å"advertising must tell the truth and not mislead consumers† nor â€Å"affect consumers’ behavior or decisions about the product or service† (2000, p. 1-2). Moreover, â€Å"claims must be substantiated, especially when they concern health, safety, or performance† (p. 2). The PRSA values include advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness. In the honesty section of the Member Statement of Professional Values, it claims that PRSA members â€Å"adhere to the highest standards of accuracy and truth in advancing the interests of those [PRSA members] represent and in communicating with the public. † (2000, p. 2). Also, the PRSA identifies its intent as to â€Å"build trust with the public by revealing all information needed for responsible decision making. † (p. 4). By establishing the code and/or guideline of how the advertising community should practice, this paper can now analyze guerrilla marketing through a legal and ethical gaze. By putting non-traditional marketing through the Potter Box, the values, principle, and loyalties are identified. Values include stealth (indiscretion), impact/magnitude, human interest, immediacy, novelty and entertainment, pleasing, imaginative, and cheap. The conflict between these values and the FTC guidelines are apparent, especially with the stealth value and the ‘do-not-mislead-the-consumer’ clause. The principle chosen to analyze this type of marketing is Michel Foucault’s philosophy on power. With non-traditional means of advertising, advertisers can shape the behavior of consumers and basically decide for the consumer what ‘they’ wish or need to buy. Foucault’s philosophy derives from the idea that all social interactions in society are directed and manipulated by those who have power. This includes different aspects of power. For example, students act differently around professors (in a more submissive and respectful manner), because they have the power over grades, than they would with peers. In relation to advertising, through the use of traditional and non-traditional marketing, advertisers have the ability to manipulate what consumers look at (essentially think about) and what they decide to buy. Therefore, public relation and advertising firms have the power that controls society’s markets. This determines the stock market as well, as in how many people buy shares of a company (that advertised their product or brand in a way that produced a great influx of money due to swaying the consumers buying behavior) at a specific price. Non-traditional marketing, however, is more under-the-scope and the consumers, most of the time, unknowingly have their emotions toward a certain product determined for them. Furthermore, the loyalties that derive from this marketing style are to the companies that pay PR and advertising firms to market their product and/or brand. Although traditional marketing would have a different outcome when put through the Potter Box, non-traditional marketing still falls under the same standards in marketing in regards to the FTC and PRSA. Certain examples of guerrilla marketing provide questionable ethics that will be examined henceforth. In 2006, Hollywood Records received considerable amount of publicity due to the signing of a supposed rising YouTube star, Marie Digby (Smith and Lattman, 2007, p. 1). Marie blogged about how surprising her newfound fame was, even though it was later established that she had already signed with the record company 18 months prior to the official press release signing (in 2005). As it turned out, her Internet rise to fame was a strategy procured by Hollywood Records. Her popularity had originally grown from the public’s interest in performances through unofficial mediums. The lack and manipulation of information to the public, which brought Hollywood Records a substantial amount of money, would be considered by Kant a violation of honesty in the advertising industry. Christians (2009) explains another example of dishonesty in advertising through guerrilla marketing: â€Å"John Mackey, co-founder and CEO of Whole Foods Market, Inc. posted messages under a false identity on Yahoo Finance stock forums for eight years. Using the pseudonym ‘Rahodeb’, an anagram of his wife’s name, Deborah, Mackey â€Å"routinely cheered Whole Foods’ financial results, trumpeted his personal gains on the stock, and bashed Wild Oats,† which Whole Foods was trying to acquire. At one point, ‘Rahodeb’ noted that â€Å"Oats has no value and no future. † The postings came to light in documents filed with the FTC, which sought to block the acquisition. † (p. 133). This non-traditional marketing strategy raises the question of how a consumer can ever trust a product when situations like this occur. Loyal fans of the blog that trusted Rahodeb’s postings as a credible source of news were in for a rude awakening, upon learning that there was a hidden intention of the blog to manipulate the buying behavior of the fans/potential consumers. Foucault would suggest that it was the consumers’ fault if they â€Å"bought† into the blog and shaped their buying behavior around it without doing more research on the topics posted. He’d also say that it would not be surprising if Whole Foods profits increased due to the blog because those who advertise and are capable of manipulating the public have the power in society. The last advertisement is a perfect example of astroturfing. Christians (2009), again, describes Sony Ericsson’s â€Å"Fake Tourist† advertising strategy best: â€Å"Sixty actors wandered the streets of Seattle and New York City asking others to take pictures of them using their [new Sony Ericsson] camera phones. This effort aroused considerable debate about forthrightness in nontraditional marketing. † (p. 133). This advertising scheme would be defined as astroturfing because the intention was to arouse interest and publicity of the new phone by having actors pretend to be peers of the unpaid consumers they were walking among and marketing to. By identifying the definition of non-traditional marketing, exploring the marketing style through the Potter Box, examining it through multiple ethical perspectives (Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault) and providing examples of questionable marketing behavior (Hollywood Records, Sony Ericsson, and Jack Mackey’s blog), this paper was able to answer the question of whether non-traditional marketing is ethical.

Identify Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Identify Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is coined from the three words namely corporate which means business, social which means society or community, and responsibility which means being accountability. CSR is basically a concept whereby organisations considering profitability and growth in its business model also consider the interest of society and environment in which it operates voluntarily. It is done by initiating responsibilities for their impact on stakeholders, environment, and customers on a macro level. CSR is also often known as corporate citizenship or corporate responsibility and connect with the model of sustainable development at companys level (Matten and Moon, 2004). Nature and Purpose of CSR The application of CSR differs from individual to individual. Therefore, CSR has a broader view as on one hand it refers to compliance with different laws and ethical standards and on the other hand it refers to philanthropy and sustainable development which directly helps in creating a strong reputation of the company. CSR following the concept of strategic business management has become a core and inseparable business practises in todays time to survive in the competitive economy. The need for these responsibilities is increasing over time and has even become a legal compliance for most of the companies as they have started to believe that company grows in healthy and social environment (Pillay, 2015). It is also considered the company has a responsibility to undertake CSR activities as company cannot exists in isolation and is mutually interdependent on the society. Companies are likely to meet the demands for its products and services in the market, to be responsible for employment and to operate proficiently at a profit. Moreover, companies cannot run in the long run with an objective of profit maximization. Business cannot exist in isolation; therefore, it needs CSR initiatives to increase its sales and profit in the long term. CSR creates favourable public image which helps to attract customers and gain their trust which in turn helps to earn premium on the products. In addition, it also leads to satisfaction of changing needs and expectation of consumers. CSR also benefits the employees of the organisation by building a positive image thereby developing trust towards the organisation. Therefore, new projects can be made in terms of social cost benefit also. Definitions CSR have gained its attention in business since 1960s. However, different writers have differently defined the concept of CSR. CSR talks about the concept that business is accountable for its activities taking place in the society and takes responsibility to bring a positive effect for the betterment of the society. Further, it can be divided into two views: narrower and wider view (Crane and Matten, 2007). The former only emphasizes on profit maximisation and the later having its primary objective as profit maximisation also has an objective of being responsible towards the society in which it operates. However, it is argued that the narrower view of CSR is declining recently as the focus on broader view is increasing over time and attracting organisational stakeholders (Urip, 2010). Further, the wider view helps the organisation to assess the performance of the organisation. The theory of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) was developed with an idea that corporate goals are attached with the societies and environment in which they work (Financial Times, 2018). This concept helped the companies to become more conscious of their moral responsibilities. It is made up of Social, Economic and Environment aspects and indicated as People, Planet and Profit phrase (Elkington, 1994). People means human resource and implies impartial and favourable business practices towards workforce, community and region in which it functions are carried on. It creates a long term value for its shareholders. Planet means natural capital and refers to a practice which is sustainable to the environment. It ensuresthat there is no harm caused to the environment which can have a negative impact on it. Profit means finance capital and considers the impact of the business activities after meeting all social conservation costs on the economy. It showsthe actual value addition which a corporate makes through its from its social responsibilities (Hall, 2011). Drivers There are several drivers in the environment that have stimulated large companies to become more responsible towards the society. One of the major Key drivers or factors that influence CSR is Globalization. It has a major impact on the businesses. CSR concerns in relation to environmental safety, well- being of the people, and protection are majorly raised by International trade, MNCs and global supply chains. There are various intergovernmental bodies likeUnited Nations, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operational Development) and the International Labour Organization which issuesannouncements, rules, codes and other instruments related to society. Corporate activities are tracked and disseminated easily by internet, smart phones and social networking.The awareness amongst Citizens that organization ought to meet the principles of social conservational care in order to operate has increased.It is realized that adopting an effective attitude towards CSR can help to reduce the risk of business disorders, creating new business opportunities and improve brand and companys reputation. Ethical Issues CSR will be considered by the companies when they benefit the societies and communities around them. The initiatives taken by the companies should not be the requirement of law nor should be a part of its primary operations. An ethical issue relates to a situation of choosing amongst various courses of actions and evaluate them ethical or unethical. An ethical consequence means a good corporate performance and a competitive advantage while on the other hand, unethical decision means damage of reputation (Allen 2009). A situation of ethical dilemma is created to choose amongst different alternatives which can be good or can be bad. Therefore, a complex ethical dilemma is a situation to choose between two good alternatives (Thorne, Ferrell and Ferrell, 2011). Sustainable Development The term sustainable development can be interpreted in several ways but majorly its an approach to develop a balance between the necessity for economic growthand social equity without harming the environment (Crane and Matten, 2016). In general, sustainable development means to fulfil the current generation needs without compromising future generations needs and desires. It harmonizes misuse of resources, the route of investments, the positioning advanced technology and organisational change to enhance human needs and aspirations (Elliott, 2012). It combines various subjects such as economics, social justice, environmental science and management. Further, sustainable development contributes towards corporate sustainability and has a twofold effect on it. Firstly, it helps the company to set aside areas where it should focus more considering environment, social and economic performance. The second fold states that there exists a common goal amongstorganizations, regulators and civil s ociety to work towards conservation of environment and economic sustainability (sustainable Development Commission, 2018). Stakeholder Management Stakeholders are bodies or individuals that have a major affect from the business activities, trade and actions which in turn affects the organisations ability to implement its business strategies and attain its goals successfully. Stakeholder management is a branch of management that helps organisation to accomplish its external and internal objectives and build a good relationship with stakeholders. This theory of management considers various stakeholders expectations and values and addresses them to ensure a positive stakeholder relationship (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014). The evolving nature of business In todays scenario CSR is evolving rapidly in the business of an organisation. It has transformed the manner in which the business functions in the society from not being socially responsible to adopting social initiatives in the mission statements. It is now said that CSR has become a disciplined management practice increasing the role of CSR communities. Under the UK Companies Act, 2006 there is a compulsory requirement in the directors report about the business review. This act of UK applies to all companies excluding small companies (Masons, 2018). The act clearly defines that it is the responsibility of the directors to work towards success and in the best interest of the business for benefiting its members as whole. According to section 172 of UK Companies Act, the annual directors report consists of business review which in turn provides the shareholders information about the duties performed by the directors. Further, according to the companies Act 2006, the directors are now required to perform their duty in relation to community and environment too and disclose them the business review report (Legislation Gov. UK, 2018). Sustainability, Use of Technology, Taxation avoidance, Green Culture Sustainability is referred in ecology as to sustain the biological diversity and remain diverse and productive. It comprises of three components namely environmental, economic and social sustainabilitys. In order to adopt sustainability as a forward approach in corporate social responsibility there are various benefits to the company such as savings in cost, good reputation in the market, and new business opportunities. To adopt the three pillars of sustainability, company have to conserve the resources jeopardy and use energy saving resources and develop a sustainable society. Company can adopt initiatives such as planting trees, projects for water conservation, implementation of solar powered irrigation system in their social responsibilities. Under CSR strategies, company should go away from the concept of philanthropy concept. Information technology also helps in enhancing corporate social responsibilities. The guidelines of corporate social responsibilities can be stored, managed and circulated electronically as a result of advance technology. Adopting new technologies can further provide sound environment practices and build a sustainable and a happy environment for the population. Use of technology provides a better statement of the affairs of the competitors and about the economy as a whole. The payment of taxes to government is an important aspect to be considered under CSR initiatives. The company should not avoid tax by shifting its headquarters to tax heavens countries. Then expenditure used from the CSR funds should be mentioned separately in the balance sheets. The proper and true payment of tax is a social contribution by the company. Companies which are contributing to the society should manage its business in a manner that it should pay taxes without avoiding it. The most evident way of sustainability is going green. From the last years, more and more companies aspire to go green and building the principles of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and making public aware about the environmental performance by making corporate social reports. The concept of go green helps in reducing the overhead costs and long term success of the company by maintain good public relations. The government of the country have made various guidelines to be socially conscious as consumers prefer company which is socially responsible. There are various ways of going green like recycling, reduce printing, use of renewable resources, use of eco-friendly products. Enron Scandal In October 2001 there was a major breakdown in the economy known as the Enron Scandal. Enron Corporation, an American energy company which was founded in 1985 was declared bankrupted. It was amongst the five biggest audit companies in the world. It caused difficulty to thousands of employees. The share price went down from $90.75 in its peak to $0.26 during the bankruptcy. This bankruptcy of the company was one of the major audit failures in the American history of that time. The collapse of Enron was due to the fact that it started to hide its financial losses, thus it was known as mark-to-market accounting. In this method of accounting, the value of securities and assets are calculated on the basis of current market value instead of its value in the book. The corporation manipulated its accounts which in turn helped in writing off unprofitable transactions without affecting other activities. This deliberate practice made the company look more profitable though despite the fact that its subsidiaries were suffering losses (Bakan, 2012). This corporate fraud to manipulate the investors and regulators harshly damaged the companys image and reputation. The company faced compliance failure and was charged with legal penalties. The credit rating of the company was downgraded leading to decline in investors confidence. These failures led to the loss of sales and profits to the company. Large Organization Implementation of CSR It is said that organizations that prepare and implement a CSR programme that benefits the society, environment and the economy as a whole are able to maintain leadership in the business world and earn the reputation. Large organisations earn high profit and thus attract more investors so they are particularly considered to protect and preserve the environment and society. They are able to invest more funds and better resources in CSR initiatives and create a situation of win-win. Tomeet the criteria of stakeholders engagement PepsiCo identifies and works issues relating climate change, public health as core sustainability challenges. General Electric has contributed $88 million in 2016 to community and educational programs. The CSR programme of Cisco Company includes the involvement of its resources and technology in education, well-being, disaster relief and economic empowerment. Anotherexample is of Adobe, which has an objective to reduce its emissions by using renewable resources. Link between CSR and Sales Profits It is said that CSR helps in increasing the profits of an organisation. Therefore, it helps to improve the companys position in the marketplace building a strong brand reputation which in turn increases sales and profits of the company. Further, CSR also helps in enhancing the loyalty of the employees and attract new personnel. CSR activities focus on sustainable development which lowers the cost of operations. Listed companies gain an advantage in their stock prices and increase shareholders value by contributing in CSRinitiatives. Apart from that there exists a direct relationship between CSR activities and benefits from these activities (Hong and Andersen, 2011). Arguments for (Benefits) A company which consist of CSR in its business model improves its reputation and brand image in the market. Consumers believe that company which is ethically responsible towards society and environment has differentiated products without causing harm to the environment.A good reputation in the market leads to competitive advantage in the market. CSR also helps in stakeholder engagement in the business functioning thereby improving the sales of the company. Further, CSR has also showed a new way for diversification. Using CSR in its business model companies can have access to new and foreign markets with no complexity (Edmans, 2012). Arguments against (Limitations) Creating a CSR strategy in the business model increases the cost of expenditure of the company. However, this increase in costs is reflected in the prices of the products or services thereby increasing the burden of the consumers. The limitations of CSR also consists the issue of various legislations and provisions prevailing in different countries. Implementing CSR strategies can also lead to competitive disadvantage as there is a shift in the thinking of the business functioning making the business burdensome to operate. To make CSR audit reports and strategies, expert personnels are required which further increases the cost of expenditure (Claydon, 2011). IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are international standards for accounting different kinds of transactions in financial statements. An independent board known as International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has issued IFRS to help the accountants to maintain their accounts and books. These high quality standards are majorly important for companies which have its business functioning in several other countries. The establishment of IFRS have also made it easier to have a common global language of accounting for comparison. Further these rules are adopted by more than 100 countries across the globe and are reliable, comparable and understandable (Christian and Ldenbach, 2013). Nature and purpose of IFRS The purpose of IFRS is harmonizing the accounting standards globally which in turn help in the flow of international capital freely. These accounting standards have even benefited the regulators too as now they do not have to understand the various reporting standards of different countries. Accordingly, businesses are required to follow the same and uniform rules and standards in its financial reports Link between Financial Reporting and IFRS Financial reporting is done through financial statements. Financial statements give clear representation of the companys state of affairs. Moreover, financial statements also provide the information about the financial performance and cash flow of the company which in turn helps to take various decisions. There is a link between financial reporting and IFRS. The financial reporting gives a fair representation of the events and transactions in accordance with the definitions laid out in IFRS framework. These financial statements should be prepared on going concern basis with accrual system of accounting. All the matters that are immaterial should be provided separately. Moreover, IFRS states that these financial statements should be presented at least annually and provide comparative information. Need for Diversification The IFRS Standards should be diversified and converged with the accounting standards globally for better comparability and transparency. Several working groups are trying slowly but surely to reduce the differences between GAAP and IFRS accounting frameworks. This will in turn help to reduce the cost of companies to frame its financial statements following only one set of standard which is accepted globally. Further, uniform application of IFRS will help financial advisors and investors to analyse their investment options and can improve entitys image. Further, in recent times cross border transactions are emerging along with free flow of capital from foreign companies and investment opportunities, so these standards benefits the two companies from different countries. So to diversify the risk and complexity while preparing financial statements, diversification of IFRS standards are required. A single set of high-quality global accounting standards Structuring standards for accounting which are of high quality and accepted internationally requires support from IASB on convergence to have good quality financial reports and make it comparable domestically and internationally. Various issues in accounting like revenue recognition lease and credit losses have been improved by these global standards. These standards also provide value full information to investors and regulators. Drivers There is a fundamental institutional change in the world to switch to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Its adoption was not caused by the domestic factors alone but from the neighbouring countries and influential international organisations.The other major factors which led to the adaption of IFRS are variation in the legal system of the country, modifications in the government policies, globalisation, and advanced development in the information technology. Comparability, Transparency, Accountability and Efficiency International Financial Reporting Standards are of high quality which is recognized internationally to bring benefits to the world economy. IFRS Standards have helped in the issue of comparability of financial accounts and reports of companies situated in different countries. Moreover, transparency is also bought by enhancing the quality of financial statements. Further, these globally accepted standards have an objective of strengthening the accountability by bridging the gap of information between the lenders and borrowers. Moreover, IFRS also provide economy efficiency by predicting the risk and opportunities across the world and allocating the capital effectively. Access Foreign Capital Market A huge base for adoption IFRS Standards have already been created by many countries, this is made easier for companies to access foreign capital markets by preparing financial statements under only one single set of standards. These standards are not complex to understand further making it easy for the companies to reduce its cost and reducing the issues in comparing. 2008 Financial Crisis The financial crisis of 2008 was marked as the biggest and worst breakdown since the Great Depression in the world economy. It restructured the dimensions in various sectors. It started to begin in 2007 causing a liquidity crisis as a result of lack of trust from US investors. The G20 and other major international organisations support Prior to IFRS standards, there were complexities in comparing the financial statements of different companies. This led to the enforcement of a single set of high quality global accounting standards in the G20 summit. The G20 and various other international organisations are supporting its use in the financial accounting. The G20 was formed in 1999 with the objective of discussing policy related to the promotion of financial stability internationally. It is an international forum for 19 countries governments and central bank governors. It redresses the issues of any organisation of a country which is its members (Kirton, 2016). These organisations also help G20 to recognize the gaps between the policy and steps taken to bridge this gap. IFRS: 125 jurisdictions adoption, with many others permitting their use There are 125 jurisdictions which have adopted the exact IFRS Standards which is developed as their national accounting standards for reporting its financial accounts. Some examples of these jurisdictions are Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong. Some jurisdictions have adopted these standards but they are working to update to the latest version. There are other jurisdictions also which have made only small modifications to IFRS Standards. And some have adapted it temporary. The evolving nature of business The companies across the globe is moving towards the adaption of IFRS set of standards for its financial reporting. Around 120 nations in the world require IFRS standards for its national listed companies. Further, around 90 nations have already adopted IFRS standards and also include a stamen acknowledging the same in its audit reports. Apart from that, other countries are planning to converge their financial reports with IFRS set of standards. IFRS US GAAP Convergence, SEC accept IFRS for foreign corporations The convergence of IFRS and US GAAP means harmonization of accounting standards. The aim of this convergence is to have only one high quality set of accounting standards internationally which is understandable and enforceable. This convergence will help to have a better comparability between different entities. Further, this will increase the flow of investing internationally benefiting various stakeholders. On the other hand, its adoption cost and place is one of its demerits. Link between IFRS and Sales Profits The establishment of IFRS Standards are linked with sales and profits of the company but still there is not much evidence which shows the same. Adaption of IFRS in the reporting system helps in comparability, transparency and accountability but there is no change found in the sales and profits of the company. Arguments for (Benefits) The enforcement of IFRS Standards will bring greater transparency in the information provided by the financial statements for marketing analysis. The consolidations of accounts of subsidiary companies have become easy. This has led in lowering the cost of capital and increasing the prices of shares to boost sales. Now, more financial resources can be allocated properly in different investment opportunities after detailed analysis which in turn will help the company to increase sales and generate profits. It can also be concluded that adapting IFRS should be integrated with CSR for enhancing the public image. Arguments against (Limitations) There are many merits of adopting IFRS but apart from these there are some disadvantages too. There are still some countries or jurisdiction which have not adopted IFRS Standards and still have their own domestic reporting system. Many countries have adopted IFRS standards but still US is following GAAP for its financial reporting. This creates difficulty for a company operating in these countries to make their financial accounts and reports in two different sets of standards. When a country adopts IFRS standards, it impacts all the businesses whether big or small. However, small companies face difficult to implement the changes in its financial reporting as they do not have adequate resources and funds. In addition, companies which are not able not adapt IFRS faces a financial burden. However, at times greater transparency of information leads to competitive disadvantage. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded from the above study that CSR can help to increase the sale and thus profits but it is not much helpful in disseminating information relating to finance and accounts. On the other hand the IFRS Standards led to reduction in punitive actions but does not support in boosting sales and profit. So the chairman of the company is advised to invest its resources and capital in both the arguments discussed above for its growth and expansion. References Matten, D. and Moon, J. (2004). Corporate social responsibility.Journal of business Ethics. 54(4), pp.323-337. Financial Times. 2018. Definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR). [online]. Available from: https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--(CSR) [Accessed 24th February 2018]. Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness.6(03), p.117. Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, L. (2013). Corporate social responsibility in a global context. 2nd ed. Abingdon: Routledge. Pillay, R. (2015). The Changing Nature of Corporate Social Responsibility: CSR and Development The Case of Mauritius Routledge Research in Corporate Law. Routledge. Jeremy, M. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Very Short Introduction Very Short Introductions. OUP Oxford. Urip, S. (2010). CSR Strategies: Corporate Social Responsibility for a Competitive Edge in Emerging Markets. John Wiley Sons. Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks: the Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Capstone. Dudovskiy, J. (2013). Research Methodology. Narrow and Broad Views on CSR [online]. Available from: https://research-methodology.net/narrow-and-broad-views-on-csr/[Accessed 2018]. Hall, T.J.(2011) The triple bottom line: what is it and how does it work?.Indiana business review.86(1), p.4. Cheah, E.T., Jamali, D., Johnson, J.E. and Sung, M.C.(2011) Drivers of corporate social responsibility attitudes: The demography of socially responsible investors. British Journal of Management. 22(2), pp.305-323. Mzwandile, S.G. (2012)Identifying Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility for Community Involvement. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Thorne, D.M., Ferrell, O.C. and Ferrell, L. (2011).Business and society: A strategic approach to social responsibility and ethics. South-Western Cengage Learning. Keeping, J. (2012). Law Now. The Ethics of Corporate Social Responsibility [online]. Available from: https://www.lawnow.org/the-ethics-of-corporate-social-responsibility/ [24th February 2018]. Ronald R.S. (2003). Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall.Greenwood Publishing Group. Crane, A. and Matten, D.(2016)Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Elliott, J. (2012).An introduction to sustainable development. Routledge. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Bakan, J. (2012). The corporation: The pathological pursuit of profit and power. Hachette UK. Swartz, M. and Watkins, S. (2003).Power failure: The inside story of the collapse of Enron. Crown Business. Hong, Y. and Andersen, M.L. (2011). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: An exploratory study.Journal of Business Ethics.104(4), pp.461-471. Edmans, A. (2012). The Link between Job Satisfaction and Firm Value, with Implications for Corporate Social Responsibility.The Academy of Management Perspectives.26(4), pp.1-19. Ju?ius, V., neiderien?, A. and Griauslyt?, J. (2014). Assesment of the benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility reports as one of the marketing tools.Regional Formation and Development Studies.11(3), pp.88-99. Claydon, J. (2011). A new direction for CSR: the shortcomings of previous CSR models and the rationale for a new model.Social Responsibility Journal.7(3), pp.405-420. Christian, D., Ldenbach, N. (2013). IFRS EssentialsWiley Regulatory Reporting. John Wiley Sons. Kirton, J.J. (2016).G20 Governance for a Globalized World. Routledge.

Media Regulations in the GCC Countries

The issues of freedom of speech as well as the freedom of expression in journalism are actively discussed in the context of media regulations that are used in different countries to control the media sphere.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Media Regulations in the GCC Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his article â€Å"Arab Media Regulations: Identifying Restraints on Freedom of the Press in the Laws of Six Arabian Peninsula Countries† that was published in 2014, Matt Duffy analyzed specific media regulations that are followed in six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in contrast to traditional regulations typical for the Western countries or international approaches (Duffy, 2014, p. 2). Thus, Duffy states that media regulations characteristic for such GCC countries as Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are stricter than the regulations ado pted in the Western countries because the discussed legislation is also developed to control the relationship between media and the public order as well as prevent false news and issues of defamation. Summary of the Main Points The article presents the analysis of the media regulations in the GCC countries in comparison with the international regulations and policies adopted in the Western world. The events of the ‘Arab Spring’ are discussed by Duffy as the trigger to pay attention to the role of media in influencing the public views and movements in the Arab world (Duffy, 2014, p. 1). The further discussion of the media regulations is provided based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources. Duffy chose to analyze the legislation related to the media spheres in the GCC countries and such secondary sources as newspaper articles and blogs in order to identify how media regulations can affect the character of the information presentation in press and online. The an alysis was supported with the theoretical framework based on the statements from the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) regarding the correlation between the right to free expression and legal obligations.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the analyzed media regulations were divided into those ones correlated with the international norms according to the ICCPR and the legislation that was found outside the framework (Duffy, 2014, p. 10). The analysis and comparison of the regulations was also supported with the provided recommendations to balance the freedom of expression against the existing legislation in the GCC countries. Significance of the Author’s Ideas and Arguments In his research, Duffy focuses on a range of points that are important to be discussed in the context of the media regulations and t heir role to support the freedom of expression in the GCC countries. Duffy’s research can be considered as rather unique in its area because there is a significant research gap in the field due to the lack of unbiased studies conducted by non-Arab scholars (Duffy, 2014, p. 7). From this point, the author’s work is important to add to the limited knowledge in the sphere of medial regulations and the GCC countries. The researcher found that the differences of the regulations in the GCC countries in comparison with the international approaches are the result of the specific cultural background. Therefore, defamation can become a criminal case, the issue of truth is controversial, and the public figure is more protected in the Arab societies. Furthermore, the proposed media regulations are oriented not only to limit the journalists’ freedom of speech but also to protect the public order, reputation of public figures and rulers, and national security (Duffy, 2014, p. 16). As a result, Duffy concluded that journalists are significantly limited in their rights to free expression because of many unclear or broad laws with controversial formulations.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Media Regulations in the GCC Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Significance of Duffy’s ideas is in the fact that the researcher discussed the problem of media regulations in the large social context while identifying the problematic issues, determining the causes for the problem, and recommending the ways to overcome the issues of strict media regulations. The author chose to discuss the problem in the international context, explaining the freedom of expression as the basic human right. Significance of the Findings in Relation to the International Media From this perspective, it is important to discuss significance of Duffy’s findings in relation to the context of in ternational media. The author pays much attention to comparing the media regulations in the GCC countries with the approaches in the Western countries directly. As a result, it is possible to focus on the features of both perspectives. Thus, the author noted that state-controlled media systems can develop in opposition to the norms typical for the democratic societies. Therefore, protection for public figures and officials is accentuated in the GCC countries, criminal cases on freedom of speech develop, and self-censorship is one of the main characteristic features of journalism in the GCC countries. Duffy paid attention to the fact that such media regulations are unfavorable for journalists seeking truth, it is impossible to speak about the press freedom, licensing can limit journalists, and they can be often abused if their actions are discussed as violating the public order or security. In this context, using the examples of the international approaches Duffy claims that media re gulations should be clear and free expression should be protected along with proposing effective laws to protect the public order (Duffy, 2014, p. 18). Although the media regulations seem to follow international standards in some aspects, there are many areas for improvements in legislation.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strengths and Weaknesses of the Research Strengths of Duffy’s research are in the fact that the author provides the detailed discussion of primary and secondary sources while proposing the effective classification to categorize regulations that can affect freedom of expression significantly in the GCC countries. The author identified the necessity to modify the current legal approaches and proposed gradual changes for the sphere of media regulations that need to become the part of civil law (Duffy, 2014, p. 29). However, there are also weaknesses in the discussion. In spite of focusing the attention on the role of social media to oppose the model of the state-controlled media, the author does not provide the broad discussion of the topic to support the idea of widespread censorship in the GCC countries. In addition, more attention should be paid to the discussion of the problems of protecting public health and morals with references to the media regulations in the GCC countri es because of the aspects of the culture and religion (Duffy, 2014, p. 18). Thus, not all restrictions can be avoided because they are supported with the culture, and they are not discussed in the society as violations of rights. Possible Agreements and Disagreements It is possible to agree with Duffy’s idea that strict media regulations prevent journalists from being objective and make them focus on self-censorship. The author is also good in providing the large and detailed discussion of the problems associated with different laws with the focus on specific articles. Furthermore, the author focuses on the limitedness of journalists’ rights when they need to mandate truth. However, providing recommendations for the legislation improvements, the author does not refer to the fact that the freedom of speech is often an issue in the GCC countries because it can be limited even in constitutions, as it was stated by the author in other sections of the article. Associated As sumptions and Biases Focusing on the author’s discussion of limitations, it is possible to assume that the analysis of the secondary sources cannot be discussed as fully accurate because of the issues associated with censorship followed by journalists. Moreover, the discussion of the GCC countries’ media regulations in the context of ICCPR laws can also be viewed as biased because the proposed framework is rather broad and not completely related to the context of the Arab world. As a result, Duffy accentuated the â€Å"broad† and â€Å"unclear† character of the majority of proposed regulations in the region (Duffy, 2014, p. 18). In fact, while focusing on the ICCPR statement, the media regulations in the GCC countries can be discussed as aligned with international principles only in several cases. Thus, Duffy’s approach seems to be limited or based in its nature. Related Questions The questions related to the research are the following ones: (1) Is the impact of culture and religion significant to influence the formulation of media regulations in the region? (2) What benefits does the used theoretical framework provide for the research? (3) How do the findings support the idea about the restriction of freedom of expression in the GCC countries? (4) What effects can the current media regulations have on the further development of journalism in the region? Conclusion Referring to Duffy’s research, it is possible to state that the GCC countries do not provide the balanced approach to formulating regulations to guarantee the freedom of expression. However, these regulations are directed to protecting the public other basic rights important in the Arab societies. Therefore, these regulations should be discussed in the context of culture and religion instead of being compared with the international approaches. Reference Duffy, M. J. (2014). Arab media regulations: Identifying restraints on freedom of the press in the laws of six Arabian Peninsula countries. Berkeley Journal of Middle Eastern Islamic Law, 6(1), 1-30. This critical writing on Media Regulations in the GCC Countries was written and submitted by user Paula E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essays - National Accounts

Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Essays - National Accounts Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper ECO /372 July 6, 2015 Now a days we know that there are numerous issues that actually affect our economy, things such as gross domestic product (GDP), nominal GDP, real GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rates, and as well as interest rates. Now as we all know all of these area actually can have massive influences over how we purchase groceries, weather there will be a large amounts of layoffs to employees, and even decrease in taxes that year. What is Gross Domestic Products basically its the market value of services and goods that are produced in the country at any given time. Which this is usually considered an indication of the normal living situation within a country. However real GDP measures of the value of economic output that adjust for price changes. While Nominal GDP is a gross domestic product figure that has not been adjusted for inflation. In many way the unemployment rate are usually the measure of the frequency of unemployment and its calculated by dividing the number of people that are unemployed by the percentage of individuals that are actually working. While inflation rate is the percentage rate of change in price levels of over time, usually from one year to the next. Now let us also focus on the interest rate and the rate which interest is paid by a borrower for the use of money that they borrow from a lender. All of these factors are related to our everyday lives and how we manage our money, what we spend our money on, and when we spend our money from simple things like buying groceries, but when you are on a very tight budget as some of us have experienced it can be pretty stressful and of whelming when just last week you were able to buy strawberries and this month they price have went high and its just beyond your budget. You began to see how the cost of groceries affects the government because this is a good way that products are produced and sold within our country; which affects GDP, real GDP, and nominal GDP. Even though we know that this is directly related to consumers spending and in times of a recession consumers pull back on their spending and go into savings mode. When consumers go into savings mode this affect every type of business because production is down and this could cause layoffs. Even though buying groceries can affects households, because thousands of people stru ggle every day to provide for their families and when the cost of goods constantly goes up but wages don't this makes it really difficult to live and to provide for families. As we know massive layoffs affect people's standard of living and that is what the GDP is centered around; having to many layoffs can have a dramatic effect on the unemployment status which causes the economy to have a higher unemployment rate which causes salaries to go down so what their spending is down. Layoffs has a vicious cycle and globally in 2012, 200 million people were without employment and this shows the slowdown in employment growth. Companies were not hiring and people were not spending like they once was Layoffs affected the economy dramatically because it had a huge impact on consumer spending thing about it if no one is buying then production is down and that's how layoffs happen, and this affects households, businesses, and the government itself, personally its like a domino effect when one falls they all fall. Think about it tax decreases can stimulate economic growth because if people are paying less in taxes, and at the end they have more money to spend. It has been proven over the year after year that when taxes decreases it can generate economic growth and federal. If you think about it we all spend more during tax season, because we usually get a good return; since I file as a parent and full-time student with a disable child, qualify for various tax breaks. In so many ways tax decreases can help a business if their taxes are decreased the organization will payout less and have more income. As we compare GDP,

HUMAN AGENCY AND COMMUNITY IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD Term Paper

HUMAN AGENCY AND COMMUNITY IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD - Term Paper Example The human individual has to face different social events that are continuously influencing many aspects of his or her community. Humans, as agents of social modification and development, face the challenges of world events. Through the presence of globalization, people become more aware of different views and ways of life while being vulnerable to being engulfed by such new ideas. They are susceptible to incorporating new perspective in their practice. Thus, the human individual as social agent has a big role in restructuring or maintaining the norms and traditions of his or her society. In this paper, an exploration will be presented about how a human individual in a globalized world setting is acting upon the events and changes happening in his or her society. In light to the discussion, narratives from Ha Jin’s book will be studied focusing on the issues of changing societies and human individuality. Two instances of globalization from Ha Jin’s book will be discussed and will be examined using Amartya Sen’s and Kwame Anthony Appiah’s comments and discussions in connection with globalization and the status of human individual in the global community. ... One instance of globalization that is illustrated in the book is that of the situation of the narrator in the ‘An Entrepreneur Story’ where he experienced how money and capitalism influences many things in the world (Ha 116-126), if not all. In this example, capitalism as used by international community as political and economic strategy is being projected in the narrator’s thoughts and intention. Generally, capitalism becomes central to the theme of the story. The implicit and explicit conditions of people in a nearly capitalist community as influenced by world economic politics are depicted. Another event in the book where implications of globalization can be found is that of the story of a man in the title story. The story narrating about a man named Baowen, a husband, (Ha 91) arrested because of the ‘crimes’ of homosexuality is quite surprising. In the story, homosexuality is viewed to be like an illness that needs clinical cure. In here, we see h ow myths about the matter are being shown implying the deep-rooted political and social factors influencing it. This instance is also related to the outside phenomenon happening outside the setting’s local community. In the global society, certain views and modifications about the issue of gender and homosexuality have circulated and startled people from different parts of the world. This matter is just one of the prominent issues talked about in the international communities. Thus, it is apparent that the characters in the story, representing ‘the human individuals’ in the community, are affected by the circulating views and perspectives introduced by globalization. In reading Ha Jin’s stories, particularly those instances